This is very difficult cognitive psychology you are asking for. That makes me very happy!
I will have to take this lightly and then elaborate as needed.
Premise:
+ All things that we can know are demonstrable through scientific methods
+ We will only apply scientific ideals
Internal Dialog
Your internal dialog is the utilization of the greatest tool invented by man; communication.
In our simple steps of explanation, language has had to evolve for humans to survive as a community. It was necessary for us to be able to recognize our thoughts, express them, and be able to understand others in order to survive as a whole. Without language, humans would likely be extinct, the prey to carnivores and those very animals that we now domesticate.
However, we were able to attach a sound, or other form of representation (eg. ASL, Braille, etc.). This language is able to represent anything we can consciously conceive of. Wittgenstain has postulated some significant works in the philosophy of this representation, but it soluble in utility of language representation. If this step is problematic, just assert so and we can explore that.
Because we found a way to represent any conscious thing with a representation (I will just say language now for brevity), then our internal dialog is nothing more than the streaming lingual representation of our constant environmental stimulus. In other words, we are always sensing things and our understanding of language is identifying with everything.
For example, you are reading this right now and your mind is linguistically representing everything I am saying and those things around you. Your senses see weird pixels on a screen and you are able to discern the language necessary to understand it.
I just realized that is a difficult example. More appropriate, you hear things around you right now and your senses receive that sound. In your internal dialog, you may represent that as a though (ie. "that's a dog barking next door"). I say may because attention is necessary to give linguistic representation.
Cognition
The depths of this question is profound and I want you to grasp that and run! It is very interesting and there is no way I can give a cut-and-dry answer. This is the very simplistic reply I thought I could give and I suggest you look into cognition if you are inclined to ask such things.
Here are some sources:
+ https://www.skeptic.com/Merchant2/me...egory_Code=OTH
- BRAIN, MIND, CONSCIOUSNESS. CONFERENCE 2005 (DVD)
- "A three DVD set of the Skeptic Society’s “Brain, Mind & Consciousness” conference held at Caltech in May 2005. Includes 30–50 minute talks by Michael Shermer, Roger Bingham, Christof Koch, Alison Gopnik, Richard McNally, Terry Sejnowski, Susan Blackmore, John Allman, Paul Zak, Hank Schlinger and Ursula Goodenough."
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic
- Heuristics are an interesting starting point and most people are familiar with wikipedia which fairly explains heuristics.
+ http://www.amazon.com/Cognition-Expl...7791748&sr=8-4
- This book was sitting on my lap as I typed this. It was my first year cognition text and I highly recommend it only because I am familiar with it myself.
+ http://www.amazon.com/Sensation-Perc...7791800&sr=1-1
- A little more elaborate
+ http://scienceblogs.com/cognitivedaily/
- An easy blog site. Worth a look into every now and then for random tid-bits of information.
There is so much to say but I feel it is best to provide sources accordingly.
What do you think...?
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