Waterboarding is a form of
torture that consists of immobilizing the victim on his or her back with the head inclined downwards, and then pouring water over the face and into the breathing passages. By forced
suffocation and inhalation of water, the subject experiences
drowning and is caused to believe they are about to die.
[1] It is considered a form of torture by legal experts,
[2][3] politicians, war veterans,
[4][5] medical experts in the treatment of torture victims,
[6][7] intelligence officials,
[8] military judges,
[9] and human rights organizations.
[10][11] As early as the
Spanish Inquisition it was used for
interrogation purposes, to punish and intimidate, and to
force confessions.
[12]
In contrast to submerging the head face-forward in water, waterboarding precipitates an almost immediate
gag reflex.
[13] The technique does not inevitably cause lasting physical damage. It can cause extreme pain,
dry drowning, damage to
lungs,
brain damage from
oxygen deprivation, other physical injuries including
broken bones due to struggling against restraints, lasting psychological damage or, if uninterrupted, death.
[2] Adverse physical consequences can start manifesting months after the event; psychological effects can last for years.
[6]