Complex numbers
(cos(x)+isin(x))^n=cos(nx)+isin(nx)
Now using maclaurine series
e^ix=1+x+x^2/2!+x^3/3!+....+x^r/r!+...
this can be used to that
e^ix=cos(x)+isin(x)
which means
e^inx=cos(nx)+isin(nx)
this is then used to show that when n=1 x=pi
e^(ipi)=-1
e^(ipi)+1=0
This result has been describe by many as the most beautiful equation in Maths.