First off, how do you define "consciousness"? I think that's what it really comes down to. You could perform a conscious act, meaning an act that you are in control over. Or you can be in a state of consciousness, as in awake or aware. Or you could be an conscious being, unique to another conscious being.
A conscious being is capable of doing conscious things (or thinking consiously). But consciousness itself can also be a unique trait.
My take on involuntary actions is that it's simply an action that is performed by a conscious being, but in a state where they are not actually aware they are doing it. It's a mix of motor and mind (like breathing, heart beat, digestion, etc).
The thing about the half brain functioning on its own - I've simply never heard of that so I can't comment. If true, I don't see how they can test whether each half is simply carrying out the tasks it had stored from it's previous "being", or literally being split into a new being.
Spooky stuff - think I'll move this to extended discussion.
*oh, edit: as for your 3rd question- some might believe you are in touch with another conscious being. Others believe you're tapping into your own self, just a part that you don't have access to when you're awake.
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