Sorry it’s late 
Class Three
Sleep Cycles – How they work
Sleep cycles are broken up into two main phases of sleep. NREM and REM sleep. NREM sleep is broken up into 3 categories…
N1
The first phase as we are falling asleep. Commonly referred to as “dozing.” Brain waves are starting to bridge between alpha and theta waves. During this phase, you may experience sudden muscular twitches (hypnic jerks), and hypnogogic hallucinations.
Hypnogogia
Sight – you may see random specks of light, lines, geomatic patterns, etc playing on the inside of your eyelids. They can be richly coloured, or monochromatic. You may see yourself moving through tunnels of light.
Tetris effect – anyone who has spent a day at an amusement park has likely experienced this. You spend all day on rides and your body is being whooshed back ad forth. As you are settling in for the night, your body still feels in motion. Can also be feeling the sway of the waves, still feeling the rocks after a day of mountain climbing, etc.
Sounds – can vary from barely audible whispers to exploding noises. Common ones are hearing faint music, speech, doorbell, etc.
Sleep paralysis – Paralysis of our muscles so we don't act out our dreams. Often accompanying SP may be the crushing feeling on your chest (or feeling suffocated), tingles or vibrations, imagined speech or other noises, imagined presences or invisible entities, intense emotions (usually fear or euphoria), and some people may feel too hot or too cold.
Other sensations
People have reported experiences with other senses, like certain smells, flashes of light, images in response to real sound, numbness, changes in perception to your body size/proportions, feeling like one is floating, or OOBE (out of body experiences), or a falling sensation, often accompanying a hypnic jerk.
N2
Characterized by sleep spindles (where the brain inhibits processes to produce a more tranquil sleep) and K-complexes (which suppresses arousal of the brain in response to things that our sleeping brain may evaluate as danger and memory consolidation (especially prevalent when one is learning new things). Muscular activity decreases, we lose conscious awareness and our external surroundings disappear.
N3
also known as “deep sleep,” “slow-wave sleep” and “delta sleep.” Characterized by the lowest brain waves, between 0-2.5 hz. Most difficult level of sleep to wake up from.
People have reported feeling extremely groggy and mental functioning can be severely impaired for up to 30 minutes following waking from this state.
After sleep deprivation, there is a sharp rebound in slow-wave sleep, which lends to the importance of having this state. If one were to increase their SWS over the course of a few nights (this reducing the REM sleep), then one experiences REM-rebound, once the inhibitor is removed (inhibitors usually are things like melatonin).
There used to be an N4 but since 2008, phases 3 and 4 have been combined together.
In this phase, your eyes are often drifting very slowly back and forth beneath your eye lids.
REM Sleep
To put things into perspective, our cumulative time each night spent in REM sleep is around 90-120 minutes (an hour and a half to two hours). REM stands for rapid-eye movement, hence the name of the phase of sleep as that is exactly what is happening. The eyes are darting back and forth under our eyelids. This is how devices like the Nova Dreamer know how to signal us that we are in REM sleep/dreaming.
As the night progresses, SWS sleep gets shorter, and REM sleep gets longer (during each 90 minute sleep cycle).
Brain waves associated with REM are quite similar to those found when we are awake, which leads to why we experience REM atonia.
In REM, we experience our most vivid dreams… a world that engages all of our senses so convincingly, we often do not realize we’re dreaming until we wake up! So imagine how bad it would be if we didn’t become paralyzed 
Sleep deprivation is sometimes viewed as desirable for oneironauts, as it is thought that people who sleep less also sleep more efficiently. The brain transitions to stage 3 (and subsequently, REM) faster that those who sleep more.
Before you all go off and start pulling all-nighters, it is extremely wise to research the health risks associated with sleep deprivation.
Induction Techniques
DILD – Dream Induced Lucid Dream
Pros – No loss of sleep, and not a lot of prep involved.
Cons – They are random, and rely on your ability to recognize dream signs and perform reality checks. The hardest part of this technique is getting your mind our of auto-pilot and becoming aware.
How to increase the chances of DILDs
Increase your awareness! This can be done with mindfulness meditation, increasing the amount of reality checks you do in a day (ex. Reality check every time you walk through a door, into a new room etc). Be aware of what it feels like to be alive. Use all your senses. Live in the moment and be aware of now.
Before you go to bed, clear out your thoughts. Keep an awake journal, if it helps. Or, practice letting go of your worries and focusing on a restful sleep. You can pick up your worries again in the morning.
Before you go to sleep, think about something you would like to dream about tonight. It may be a goal, or recognizing a dream sign or realizing you’re dreaming. Try to think about it until you fall asleep.
You may also wish to couple the technique with a WBTB.
MILD – Mnemonic Induced Lucid Dream
Pros – the MILD technique (developed by Stephen LaBerge) has proved to be extremely effective in producing lucid dreams. People who have this technique down can have multiple LD’s a night with it.
Cons – it takes a lonnnnng time to become effective. You may start off with a few LD’s a month. Maybe 1 a week. It can take years to have multiple LD’s a night.
How to MILD
Use Mantras
They can be what you desire, but a typical mantra is, “The next time I dream, I will realize I’m dreaming.” As you are relaxing and falling asleep, focus on your goals (much like the DILD technique), and repeat your mantra. It should be the last thing you think of before you fall asleep.
You may wish to combine your mantra with a repetitive visualization. In the middle of the night, as you are falling back to sleep, recall a dream where you could have caught a dream sign, but now imagine yourself catching it and becoming lucid. Repeat this as you are falling back to sleep.
There are courses being offered on MILDs and DILDs, so I won’t go into too much extra details than this.
WILD – Wake Initiated Lucid Dream
Pros – a good WILD’er can have a lucid dream nightly (and multiple times a night). Often WILDs are the most stable and closer to that level 4 and level 5 state we were talking about.
You get to control them from the get-go.
Sometimes, a failed WILD results in a DILD Which is actually my current technique, lol 
Cons – very, very difficult to learn and master.
Each WILD is different!
Sometimes, they just can’t be stabilized.
You risk losing awareness as you fall back to sleep.
SP, for some people, is a very scary thing (try to remember, this happens every night, only this time, you’re aware of it).
There are so many ways to accomplish WILDs that I’m really only going to focus on the basics of this technique.
They should be attempted during a WBTB. You may find the greatest success if you stay awake for an hour, but it is up to you (depending on if you would be able to fall back to sleep or not).
After the WBTB, lay somewhere you won’t be disturbed. You may wish to use an eye mask and earplugs, but it’s up to you.
Practice a relaxation technique. There are many types. I prefer a breathing technique that releases energy on exhales. I also scan my body for signs of muscle tension.
Occupy your mind with something. This could be the “1, I’m dreaming… 2, I’m dreaming” technique. Some people like to recite lyrics or poems. Some people like to think of a song. You shouldn’t focus too hard on it, because you ARE still trying to fall asleep… just… consciously.
Soon, you may experience the hypnogogic hallucinations I mentioned earlier. This is good! Whatever type you get, there is a way to use them for a transition. Again, each is different and for the sake of time and length, I won’t delve too deep into them.
Once you have transitioned, it’s a good idea to stabilize, just like any other dream 
DEILD – Dream-exit induced lucid dream
Pros – very fast entry into a lucid dream. It is considered the shortened WILD.
Often used as a method to prolong lucid dreams!! It is reportedly much easier to chain back into a dream where you were already lucid.
Cons – there is a very, very small window of time to do a DEILD. If you’re not dreaming within a minute or so of waking up, it’s gone.
Sacrifice of dream recall if you accidentally lose awareness and fall back to sleep into a normal dream.
To DEILD, you should try to find an alarm that can turn itself off. Or, you can attempt this when you wake naturally. But once a dream ends, the easiest way to DEILD is to try to imagine yourself back in that dream. It may end up only being a daydream for 10 seconds or so, but usually it will re-solidify back around you.
If you did not recall a dream upon waking, then you may wish to imagine yourself back in an old dream or any scene, until it forms around you.
You can also just wait for a new scene to take you, but this one is slightly trickier, as you may lose your awareness upon re-entering.
A good way to combat this loss of awareness is to remind yourself it’s a dream as you are trying to re-enter one. Don’t focus too hard, or you might wake yourself up.
WBTB – Wake Back to Bed
This is more of a supplementary technique to the actual induction techniques. But combining this with one of the above dramatically increases your chances of having a lucid dream.
Again, if you are able to, it’s best to stay awake for an hour, but if that would make it too hard to fall back to sleep, then don’t stay awake that long. A WBTB can be as short as going to the washroom and back into bed.
During the time you are out of bed, you should be thinking about dreaming, your goals, doing reality checks, etc. You might find it helpful to solve some math problems to wake up your prefrontal cortex. Usually, if I’m going to do a MILD, I start repeating my mantra at this time, because I find it easier to focus on it when I get back in bed.
Things to be aware of…
False awakenings
False awakenings happen when you “wake up” from a dream. You will swear you’re awake. However, sometimes, dream plots end, and we dream about waking up in bed. A very active community member named Walms attributes his high LD count to training himself to catch false awakenings.
You can train yourself to catch a false awakening by doing a reality check (like a nose pinch) upon waking up.
INRALDs
A newer concept to the lucid dreaming community, "I'm Not Really Awake Lucid Dreams" are essentially false awakenings, only they don’t have dreams preceding them. You may most commonly experience an INRALD off of a “failed” WILD attempt. You will swear you’re awake and failed to transition into a lucid dream. However, you may actually be dreaming about failing your WILD attempt. So ALWAYS reality check when you decide to give up on a WILD.
Live Chat
The chat will take place on Wednesday, September 29, 2010 @ 1:00am GMT. This is equivalent to Tuesday, September 28, 2010 @ 6:00 PDT.
Assignment
Review your current sleep schedule. Taking what you know about DILDs and WILDs, which technique would best work for you for inducing lucid dreams?
Bonus: Knowing this, you may want to look into signing up for that specific course when it’s offered next
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