Originally Posted by Alric
I find what you are saying to be pretty arrogant. That if you do not directly get to choose who wins, you refuse to even take part in the discussion. The entire point is that no one person gets to choose, and you are opposed to voting because you alone do not decide? Your opinion comes down to the belief, that voting is only worth it, if your the only one voting.
That's not quite the correct characterization of my position. Obviously voting is a matter of probability no matter what--no one will ever get to "choose" the winner in the way you alluded to, and I'm not sure that I would want to in any case. My point is that the probability that my casting a vote will have any political effect of any kind whatsoever is negligibly small, and furthermore, that even if it does have an effect, it's unlikely to bring about a much more beneficial outcome than the alternative which would have obtained without my vote. As an illustration of this latter point, consider the relatively superficial differences between the two major political parties in our political system, both of which are pretty moderate at the end of the day. (And since voting for an independent party is effectively equivalent to not voting, it will suffice to think of our system as containing two parties.)
At least part of this view has been formally modeled and the result is known variously as the Downs paradox, the paradox of voting, and the paradox of rational abstention (the "paradox" arises from the observation that so many people vote anyway). But the basic idea is pretty intuitive; it goes a bit like this.
Elections result in discrete outcomes, and as I noted above, we can think of it as a binary outcome: candidate A wins, or candidate B wins. To what extent one candidate wins over or loses to the other is irrelevant; and it turns out that this fact makes all the difference. To illustrate this, let's consider a hypothetical world in which I have voted for candidate A, and at the end of the election the tally is 80 million votes for candidate A and 50 million votes for candidate B. Outcome: A wins. To assess the contribution of my individual vote, we simply delete one vote from candidate A's pool, making it 79,999,999 to 50,000,000. The outcome is unchanged. Now let's consider another hypothetical world in which I have voted for A, and the end tally is 55 million votes for A, and 75 million votes for B. Outcome: B wins. Deleting my vote, we are left with 54,999,999 for A and 75,000,000 for B. Once again, the outcome is unchanged. It should be clear that there are only two possible cases in which my vote could actually affect the outcome in any way whatsoever: if the outcome including my vote is a tie (so that deleting my vote would cause my candidate to lose), or if including my vote, my candidate wins by 1 vote (so that deleting my vote causes a tie). It should also be clear that for elections of this huge size, the probability of either of these two cases obtaining is negligibly small. In other words, the probability that my vote will have any political effect at all is negligible.
Consider finally that--and this part differs a bit from the account given by the aforementioned paradox--as I wrote above, even if my vote does have a positive effect, given the state of our current political system it is unlikely that the increased benefit brought about by this would be much greater than the alternative situation in which my candidate lost. This is because in general, candidates tend to disagree sharply only on superficial and inconsequential issues, while their actual policy records on important matters all look surprisingly moderate. (Consider our continued presence in Iraq under the presidency of Barack Obama.)
So it doesn't matter how small the cost of voting may be, it's still larger than the expected payoff. It's analogous to buying a lottery ticket: sure, the cost of a ticket is low, perhaps a dollar, but that doesn't matter because the expected payoff is still so much lower that it's a waste of resources. It's not a matter of whether I can spare the time and money to buy a lottery ticket, it's the fact that doing so makes no sense. In fact, it's worse than a lottery, because at least if you happen to win a lottery you're guaranteed a fantastic reward. The cost-benefit analysis associated with voting, on the other hand, reveals a similarly low probability of payoff and low cost, but the reward is not even that great.
It's not that I'm against the abstract idea of voting. I would love to be a part of a political system in which my vote actually did make a difference. Unfortunately, such a system would look very different from what we have now.
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