Meditation is both an umbrella term for exploring consciousness including the technique of concentrating, and it is its own technique distinct from concentration. Concentration begins by concentrating on an external object, then refining attention until it rests on an internal object, like a word, visualization, etc. and then when even the internal object can be discarded without attention disintegrating, then it is meditation. The whole process is called meditation, but strictly speaking, the last step is proper meditation. In order to concentrate, you need to not be distracted. This is the first step, to calm your mind and focus it so that it isn't distracted by thoughts, sounds, sights, smells, bodily sensations, etc. Then you focus your mind on the object, perhaps a candle flame. Now you need to hold your attention on the candleflame as if it is a matter of life or death. BUT, you cannot get tense. You need to stay relaxed and vigilante. If you get tense, then your mind gets tense, and you will be defeated. After a few minutes, your mind gets used to it and there is less effort to remain focused than there was before. Now you can see parts of the candle flame that were invisible to you before, namely the radiance of it. But that is not important, don't pay attention to that, keep concentrating. Then you can close your eyes and concentrate on the negative image of the candle flame behind your closed eyelids. Eventually that will fade away, and if you have been concentrating well it should leave you in a state of meditation. Another popular method is to bang a gong or a bell and concentrate on the sound as it slowly becomes quieter until you are left in silence just listening. Or you can concentrate on your breathing.
One becomes better at concentrating the more they practice, and it is the best way to develop will power and lucidity. However, meditation is not something that can really be practiced actually. It is the state you are left in afterwards. Concentration is like tunnel vision and meditation is like all vision including the peripheral vision. Does that make sense? If there is any effort at all then it is not meditation. Effort is part of concentration, meditation is just basking in your own brilliance. However, it seems paradoxical, because meditation is anything but a lazy mind.
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