Conclusively, there are two ways to look at this:
1) The empirical evidence pruports, via the scientific method, that animals can not distinguish an externally existing reality. Since self-awareness requires this ability, we can determine that animals do not have self-awareness.
2) Pyrrhic skepticism demonstrates that we cannot know anything, including that we do not even know. Since we cannot know, for certain, that animals do not think, then we can accept the possibility that they do think no matter what empirical evidence is purported. This possibility gives room the possibility of animal self-awareness, but without any empirical grounding. This is because it does not require empirical grounding.
Oneironaut:
- The mirror is just one residual result of not having self-awareness.
- The video of the child with the marker on his head is the only video I can find resembling the rouge test. The actual test does it much better as it uses rouge, not an obnoxious marker.
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