RGB is a useful model precisely because the eye/brain actually has red, green, and blue filtration. Color-blind people are missing one or two of these, which is why there are different specific types of color-blindness.
But beyond that, RGB theoretically can represent the entire light spectrum within its lower and upper frequency/wavelength bounds. Our visual processing uses this model because it works.
Having four primary color filters would likely not add any "new" colors, but only break up existing colors in different ways. If you look at printing processes, they use 3, 4, 5 and even 6 different primary ink colors to create all available colors. But going to six doesn't allow you any "new" colors for the eye... it may simply be better at representing certain shades available with pigment on paper.
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