The way I see it, the 'subconscious' (or whatever you want to call it) is a multitude of unique process occurring outside conscious awareness. Anything one isn't conscious of at any given moment is still going on in the crevasses of the mind somewhere. It seems to me that the only way we can come close to understanding it is by defining consciousness and then changing the focus to everything that occurs outside of it.
Consciousness as I've come to know it has everything to do with language. A quote by Aldous Huxley I return to very often describes it best:
'Language permits its users to pay attention to things, persons and events, even when the things and persons are not present and the events are not taking place. Language gives definition to our memories and, by translating experiences into symbols, converts the immediacy of craving or abhorrence, of hatred or love, into fixed principles of feeling and conduct.
In some way of which we are totally unconscious, the reticular system of the brain selects from a countless host of stimuli those few experiences which are of practical importance to us. From these unconsciously selected experiences we more or less consciously select and abstract a smaller number, which we label with words from our vocabulary and then classify within a system at once metaphysical, scientific and ethical, made up of other words on a higher level of abstraction.
In cases where the selecting and abstracting have been dictated by a system that is not too erroneous as a view of the nature of things, and where the verbal labels have been intelligently chosen and their symbolic nature clearly understood, our behaviour is apt to be realistic and tolerably decent.
But under the influence of badly chosen words, applied, without any understanding of their merely symbolic character, to experiences that have been selected and abstracted in the light of a system of erroneous ideas, we are apt to behave with a fiendishness and an organized stupidity, of which dumb animals (precisely because they are dumb and cannot speak) are blessedly incapable.'
Everything we conceive at any given moment is because of language. It is the cause of the conscious mind, the ego. Without it there wouldn't be words, and thus symbols/concepts, for pretty much everything we know. There would be no good or evil, just events as they are. There would be no past or future, just now, the immediacy of felt experience. All of these dualities responsible for everything humanity is is a result of language, concept, and communication.
There is a sense of intuition/spontaneity/creativity that we are all given as humans, but that we seem to have lost consciousness of. Those abstract concepts that Freud and Jung were getting at with dream analysis, word association, etc. Try closing your eyes and asking what your favorite color is, or a similar easy question. If you pay attention there will be a distinct response instantaneously. Before your conscious mind even has time to really process the words. It'll be a symbol (usually visual) that you need to translate into words in order to comprehend. Dreams themselves are a physical manifestation of these symbols, the 99.9% stuff that goes on throughout your day to day life that you miss out on.
Humanity has searched for centuries for this untapped potential in itself, for there surely is vast potential to be found outside our current scope of consciousness. I think it involves a different way of using language. I'm not bashing language at all, I just think that a lot of the negative aspects of the human condition are kind of like bad side-effects of language. The compulsive thinking mind, addictions to concepts and ideas, finding "reality" and "truth" (which are again just linguistic concepts dominated by cultural ideals), any sort of intolerance/bigotry, cannot exist outside the world of language. Even this post is part of the problem in essence. My own goal is to abandon this addiction to linguistic "intellect" and "knowledge" and see just how far this brain can take me.
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