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Firstly one of the largest numbers of miscarriages are as a result with Problems associated with the chromosomes of the embryo, by far the most common reason for loss of pregnancy, are found in more than half of miscarriages occurring in the first 13 weeks. Miscarriages apparently eliminate about 95 percent of fertilized eggs or embryos with genetic problems —perhaps nature's way of ending a pregnancy in which the child would be unable to survive. Spontaneous abortions of this type usually occur before the woman knows that she is pregnant. Most chromosomal problems happen by chance,- this is due to our imperfection, have nothing to do with the parents, and are unlikely to recur. And you must also realize that miscarriages are also a result to the carrier's fault as well, not properly taking care of themselves and abusing their bodies.
The Coconino Sandstone within the Grand Canyon (and its equivalents), which covers an area of 200,000 square miles (518,000 square kilometres) averages 315 feet (96 metres) thick, and contains a volume of sand conservatively estimated at 10,000 cubic miles, shows significant evidence of a great flood.
No, actually that's evidence that no flood ever happened.
The Grand Canyon wasn't formed by flood waters— receding flood waters create wide, rounded and straight paths of erosion, not deep, narrow and winding ones.
Quite simply, a massive flood CANNOT form the meanders in the Grand Canyon.
Oh really so you actually believe the Colorado river carved the Grand Canyon ? If the Colorado River carved the canyon, as commonly assumed, there should be a gigantic river delta where the Colorado River enters the Gulf of California. Instead, the delta is relatively tiny. I guess you are probably more geared to Headward Erosion and opposed to Superpostion, whichever one, it is it still doesn't explain the Missing Mesozoic Rock of 10,000 square miles. However, sitting at a few dozen isolated spots on this Kaibab Limestone are piles, 1,000 feet high, of softer (crumbly or weakly cemented) Mesozoic rock; those piles are always capped on top by a very hard rock, such as lava. Obviously, lava did not flow up to the top; lava, which flows downhill, collected in a depression and hardened. Later, a fast moving sheet of water flowed over northern Arizona and swept all the soft, Mesozoic rock off the hard Kaibab Limestone —except for the few dozen spots that were capped and protected by hard rock. Why was it a sheet of water? Falling rain would only cut channels. Flowing rivers or streams, even if they meandered for millions of years, would not be very thorough in sweeping 1,000 feet or more of dirt off the 10,000 square miles of the fairly flat Kaibab Limestone floor. Besides, meandering rivers would produce meandering-like patterns. Therefore, before you can excavate 800 cubic miles of rock below the rim to form the Grand Canyon, something must sweep off almost all the Mesozoic rock above —a much bigger excavation project.
Specialization, through natural selection, may have resulted in the loss of this ability [to survive in salt and fresh water] in many species since then.
No, because the fish would have evolved to specialize to their environments BEFORE the flood, and the rapid change in salinity would kill them anyways.
As to why there are salt water and fresh water variants of most species of fish, the change happens gradually, not in a single generation.
There are VERY few fish that can survive in both fresh and salt water, and that's what would be required to survive the flood.
This ability was pre-existent before the flood. Many families of fish contain both fresh and saltwater species. These include the families of toadfish, garpike, bowfin, sturgeon, herring/anchovy, salmon/trout/pike, catfish, clingfish, stickleback, scorpionfish, and flatfish. Indeed, most of the families alive today have both fresh and saltwater representatives. This suggests that the ability to tolerate large changes in salinity was present in most fish at the time of the Flood. And like I said specialization, through natural selection, may have resulted in the loss of this ability in many species since then. Unless you find a problem with Natural Selection? There is also evidence of post-Flood specialization within a kind of fish. For example, the Atlantic sturgeon is a Migratory salt/freshwater species but the Siberian sturgeon (a different species of the same kind) lives only in freshwater. Keep in mind also that stable fresh and saltwater layers may have developed and persisted in some parts of the ocean. Fresh water can sit on top of salt water for extended periods of time. Turbulence may have been sufficiently low at high latitude for such layering to persist and allow survival of both freshwater and saltwater species in those areas. So in regards to Salinity that may not even had been an issue.
The fossil record testifies to the massive destruction of marine life, with marine creatures accounting for 95% of the fossil record.
Excepting the slight problem that all of those fish date back to a few million— not a few thousand—years ago.
Also, the number of marine fossils is more simply explained by just reviewing the fossilization process, rather than involving the unlikely and simply ridiculous theory of a global flood.
Just like it's ridiculous to believe in something that can be made in 12 months. There are fossils of fishes showing extremely fine soft tissue details such as muscle fibres, so proving that the entombing sediment containing the fossilising minerals must have hardened considerably before the onset of any decay. So one important question is: just exactly how old are fossils? In fact, contrary to what may be a general understanding, fossils do not take hundreds of thousands, or millions of years to form. In fact, the impregnation of minerals into bones can take place very quickly, and indeed, the shells of some living crustaceans can become fossilised in less than a year after shedding. And since radiometric analysis of lava beds from known very recent volcanic activity has yielded (incorrect) dates of millions of years, this, along with a wealth of biological evidence, means that the extreme old age commonly ascribed to fossils may be quite erroneous.
Some, such as trilobites and ichthyosaurs, probably became extinct at that time.
Once again, excepting the FACT that the trilobites went extinct 450 MILLION YEARS AGO.
And, once again, there's a far more likely explanation:
Their extinction coincides ever so nicely with the appearance of the first sharks and early marine predators, who probably found the trilobites quite tasty.
Sorry but I disagree with any fossils going back 450 million years ago especially if you are going off fossil records tampered with by man. There is not a soul on this planet that can give a factual date in regards to fossil record but it seems more logical that impregnation of minerals into bones can take place very quickly, and indeed, the shells of some living crustaceans can become fossilised in less than a year after shedding.
When you hacked off the entire amphibian species count, you removed over 5,000 species, of which the overwhelming majority are NOT capable of living in the environment that would be present during your flood.
Yup you are absolutely right I did hack off the entire amphibian species because they were capable of surviving and you know what else? I got proof that they survived. Take a look outside.. Don't you see them? Lol. However it's pretty irrelevant, but I'll take you up on your offer anyway. Let's just say Noah stopped and said "oh what the Heck lets grab all the amphibian species". What are we looking at? Some toads, salamanders, newts and caeclilians. About 6000 in total. Noah had about 35,0000 kinds on the ark but let's bumped the number to 50,000 just for your pleasure Tsen. Even with 50,000 of their kind Noah would have still had 67% of room remaining on the ark. Oh by the way did you know there is an
Australian frog that can survive underground and be dormant for up to eight years?
Also, 1,000,000 species that you started with is an incorrect number.
There are 1,250,000 KNOWN AND VERIFIED species.
You know what you're right there are 1.25 Million species verified. But you know what else roughly about 800,000 of them are INSECTS KNOWN AND VERIFIED.
There are EASILY another million undiscovered species.
In fact, it's estimated that there are 1.5 million undiscovered fungi species ALONE.
So the entire numbers game you played is irrelevant.
My goodness Tsen you are reaching. Are you serious? How many midsized to large animals do you think have not been discovered already? They wouldn't be to hard to miss. So I'm pretty much sure that the remaining 1 million Species are of the insect type or water dwellers. And Fungi? Please tell me you are really not asking how did Fungi survive the flood? I'm not even going to answer that one.
Not to mention that you GROSSLY underestimated the amount of food requisite for keeping those animals alive, AND you once again failed to account for unique and necessary diets for several animals.
Tigers, for one, will not eat preserved or salted meat.
Zoos can make do with refrigerated meat, which is thawed and then fed to them— but the ark didn't have refrigerators, did it?
Thus the only way to preserve the meat would be to salt or cook it— which the tiger wouldn't eat—or to keep live food.
Keeping live food doesn't seem like too big a problem— except that the food needs food too.
It's an exponential problem.
And tigers aren't the only species that needs such care— lions, panthers and cougars all share similar eating habits in regard to salted or cooked food.
In fact, it's a fairly common trait among predators.
Once again the animals were in a hibernated state. Just as God put Adam into a "Deep Sleep" in Gen. while he took his rib to create Woman.
Oh really? So why is there an absence of transitional specimens among invertebrates, or between invertebrates and vertebrates?
Actually, we've got plenty of transitional fossils, but creationists like to pretend we don't.
Transitional fossils between vertibrates and invertibrates:
[NOTE: This is one area that has links to references in the Word document but not in the post]
a.
Pikaia, an early invertebrate chordate. It was at first interpreted as a segmented worm until a reanalysis showed it had a notochord.
b.
Yunnanozoon, an early chordate.
c.
Haikouella, a chordate similar to Yunnanozoon, but with additional traits, such as a heart and a relatively larger brain (Chen et al. 1999).
d.
Conodont animals had bony teeth, but the rest of their body was soft. They also had a notochord (Briggs et al. 1983; Sansom et al. 1992).
e.
Cathaymyrus diadexus, the oldest known chordate (535 million years old; Shu et al. 1996).
f.
Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, two early vertebrates that still lack a clear head and bony skeletons and teeth. They differ from earlier invertebrate chordates in having a zigzag arrangement of segmented muscles, and their gill arrangement is more complex than a simple slit (Monastersky 1999).
The following are fossil transitions between species and genera:
a.
Human ancestry. There are many fossils of human ancestors, and the differences between species are so gradual that it is not always clear where to draw the lines between them.
b.
The horns of titanotheres (extinct Cenozoic mammals) appear in progressively larger sizes, from nothing to prominence. Other head and neck features also evolved. These features are adaptations for head-on ramming analogous to sheep behavior ( Stanley 1974).
c.
A gradual transitional fossil sequence connects the foraminifera Globigerinoides trilobus and Orbulina universa (Pearson et al. 1997). O. universa, the later fossil, features a spherical test surrounding a "Globigerinoides-like" shell, showing that a feature was added, not lost. The evidence is seen in all major tropical ocean basins. Several intermediate morphospecies connect the two species, as may be seen in the figure included in Lindsay (1997).
d.
The fossil record shows transitions between species of Phacops (a trilobite; Phacops rana is the Pennsylvania state fossil; Eldredge 1972; 1974; Strapple 1978).
e.
Planktonic forminifera (Malmgren et al. 1984). This is an example of punctuated gradualism. A ten-million-year foraminifera fossil record shows long periods of stasis and other periods of relatively rapid but still gradual morphologic change.
f.
Fossils of the diatom Rhizosolenia are very common (they are mined as diatomaceous earth), and they show a continuous record of almost two million years which includes a record of a speciation event (Miller 1999, 44-45).
g.
Lake Turkana mollusc species (Lewin 1981).
h.
Cenozoic marine ostracodes (Cronin 1985).
i.
The Eocene primate genus Cantius (Gingerich 1976, 1980, 1983).
j.
Scallops of the genus Chesapecten show gradual change in one "ear" of their hinge over about 13 million years. The ribs also change (Pojeta and Springer 2001; Ward and Blackwelder 1975).
k.
Gryphaea (coiled oysters) become larger and broader but thinner and flatter during the Early Jurassic (Hallam 1968).
The following are fossil transitionals between families, orders, and classes:
a.
Human ancestry. Australopithecus, though its leg and pelvis bones show it walked upright, had a bony ridge on the forearm, probably vestigial, indicative of knuckle walking ( Richmond and Strait 2000).
b.
Dinosaur-bird transitions.
c.
Haasiophis terrasanctus is a primitive marine snake with well-developed hind limbs. Although other limbless snakes might be more ancestral, this fossil shows a relationship of snakes with limbed ancestors (Tchernov et al. 2000). Pachyrhachis is another snake with legs that is related to Haasiophis (Caldwell and Lee 1997).
d.
The jaws of mososaurs are also intermediate between snakes and lizards. Like the snake's stretchable jaws, they have highly flexible lower jaws, but unlike snakes, they do not have highly flexible upper jaws. Some other skull features of mososaurs are intermediate between snakes and primitive lizards (Caldwell and Lee 1997; Lee et al. 1999; Tchernov et al. 2000).
e.
Transitions between mesonychids and whales.
f.
Transitions between fish and tetrapods.
g.
Transitions from condylarths (a kind of land mammal) to fully aquatic modern manatees. In particular, Pezosiren portelli is clearly a sirenian, but its hind limbs and pelvis are unreduced (Domning 2001a, 2001b).
h.
Runcaria, a Middle Devonian plant, was a precursor to seed plants. It had all the qualities of seeds except a solid seed coat and a system to guide pollen to the seed (Gerrienne et al. 2004).
i.
A bee, Melittosphex burmensis, from Early Cretaceous amber, has primitive characteristics expected from a transition between crabronid wasps and extant bees (Poinar and Danforth 2006).
The following are fossil transitionals between kingdoms and phyla:
a.
The Cambrian fossils Halkiera and Wiwaxia have features that connect them with each other and with the modern phyla of Mollusca, Brachiopoda, and Annelida. In particular, one species of halkieriid has brachiopod-like shells on the dorsal side at each end. This is seen also in an immature stage of the living brachiopod species Neocrania. It has setae identical in structure to polychaetes, a group of annelids. Wiwaxia and Halkiera have the same basic arrangement of hollow sclerites, an arrangement that is similar to the chaetae arrangement of polychaetes. The undersurface of Wiwaxia has a soft sole like a mollusk's foot, and its jaw looks like a mollusk's mouth. Aplacophorans, which are a group of primitive mollusks, have a soft body covered with spicules similar to the sclerites of Wiwaxia (Conway Morris 1998, 185-195).
b.
Cambrian and Precambrain fossils Anomalocaris and Opabinia are transitional between arthropods and lobopods.
c.
An ancestral echinoderm has been found that is intermediate between modern echinoderms and other deuterostomes (Shu et al. 2004).
Got any other beef with the fossil record?
Feel free to post, it's pretty concrete.
Thanks I think I will take you up on that offer. Now let's talk about fossils a little bit more shall we?
Looking at the fossil record, cellular chemistry and structures, or living creatures, the evidence does not support the notion that there has been an evolution of organisms from simple chemicals to mammals. If this is indeed the case, then it follows that there cannot have been any evolution of Man from ape ancestors either. However, the reader may protest that the concept of human evolution is well supported by fossil evidence showing changes from ape-like to man-like skulls and skeletons.
It must be remembered that within any given species, the external appearances can be very varied, and that this propensity for variation is also found in humans. So we have to be very careful when we come to interpret any individual fossil. To make things more complicated, uncertainties about the age of many fossils must also temper any dogmatism about any supposed evolutionary trends or relationships.
On the stage of (supposed) human evolution, the relevant fossils fall comfortably into two main categories: those that are more ape-like than human, and those that are very human-like. Into the first group fall the australopithecines and the smaller Homo habilis specimens, and into the second group fall Homo erectus, archaic humans, Neanderthals and modern Man.
In addition, there have been found a number of small fossil skulls with human-like features and some large fossil skulls with ape-like features. However, none of these fossils give any insight into human origins.
Ape-like fossils
Australopithecines
Australopithecines had relatively long arms and short legs, and although their ankle joints shared features with those of humans, their feet were more ape-like. They had ape-like skulls, and indeed, casts of the insides of the skulls show surface patterns and general features, which suggest that they had ape-like brains. Thus, since neither bipedalism, nor a flat face, nor small molars equates with human-ness, all we can say from the evidence is that australopithecines represent, in all probability, simply extinct apes that differed from living apes and were not ape-human intermediaries.
Homo habilis
The evidence only tells us that Homo habilis individuals were as different from orang-utans, chimpanzees and gorillas as baboons are, and as such Homo habilis cannot be classed together with the living great apes. In all probability, the Homo habilis group simply represents extinct apes that differed from living apes and were not ape-human intermediaries.
Human-like fossils
Homo erectus
Whilst prominent brows are commonly seen in living humans of native Australian or African origin, there are living examples showing the typical characteristics of the Homo erectus skull form even in the UK. It is therefore quite clear that a skull with a large brow or sloping forehead can house a fully human brain. This is not surprising since the prominence of the brow is largely related to the size of the frontal sinuses that reside within the bone, and has no bearing on the form of the underlying brain. It is likely that the Homo erectus brain was no different from our own. Furthermore, the Homo erectus body skeleton was identical to that of living humans.
NeanderthalsAny scheme describing the position of Neanderthals in relation to modern Man has to explain three main issues: firstly, the apparently sudden appearance of Neanderthals in a relatively short space of time (remember that Homo erectus supposedly remained unchanged for over one million years); secondly, their restrictive geographical distribution; and thirdly, their apparently abrupt disappearance in a relatively short space of time. The peculiarities of the Neanderthal bones, their geographical distribution, and their sudden appearance and disappearance, can all be explained by disease, without the need to invoke an evolutionary process.
Ancient human fossils
A number of ancient fossils show that australopithecines and humans lived contemporaneously, and that australopithecines were not our ancestors.
For example:
Laetoli footprints
In 1975 some human looking fossilised footprints in the form of a trail running for some 23 metres were found in Laetoli, Tanzania. The footprints had been made in mud that had been subsequently covered over by a layer of volcanic dust.
Since no one doubts that the Laetoli footprints are indistinguishable from human footprints, if the question of a presumed age of 3.5 million years was not part of the equation, then most certainly, everyone would be happy to accept that these prints were most likely made by human beings.
KNM-ER 20419 radius
The KNM-ER 20419 radius is a forearm bone which was found in Allia Bay on the east side of Lake Turkana and is dated as being around 4 million years old.
It is quite unlike the radius of any living ape, and is twice the size of the australopithecine radius AL288-1. Furthermore, it is indistinguishable from an adult human bone in size, in general appearance, and in its detailed features.
Other fossils such the OH8 foot, the femurs KNM-ER 1481 and 1475, and the humerus KP 271 also show that humans were living contemporaneously with australopithecines.
ConclusionThe human-like fossil evidence actually paints a completely different picture from that which is commonly portrayed. Instead of Man evolving from apes via crude-looking ancestors, the evidence suggests that populations of ancient human beings passed through some morphological changes (whether from inbreeding and/or disease), before acquiring the modern human form.
Humans have always been human, and apes have always been apes.
Shall we get into Radiometric Dating?
1. Radiodating
There is a basic pattern that occurs in the decay of radioactive substances. In each of these disintegration systems, the "parent" or original radioactive substance, gradually decays into "daughter" substances and this process is irreversible. The theory asserts that by measuring the amount of parent and daughter elements in a given sample and knowing the decay rate, one might be able to calculate the time elapsed from its formation.
Several types of radiodating methods are used today, but when applied to the same sample, they give different dates[1]. A very good example of how scientists interpret the results of their radiodating method is presented in reference [2]. They select only the "most reasonable" dates, the ones that agree with the evolutionary theory of long ages and discard the ones that do not fit in. Well, this method is far from an objective and precise scientific approach!
These special dating methods are seriously flawed: too many assumptions are made without any factual evidence. We can easily show the problems arising from the disregard of the following:
List.- The parent and daughter products could easily have been contaminated during their long decay process underground. For the results to be accurate, the systems had to be closed during the decay process, but this doesn't happen in nature.
2. - Nobody was there at the beginning to make sure that no daughter products were present in a certain rock, whereas the radiodating method assumes exactly this. It is impossible to know what had initially been in a given piece of radioactive mineral.
3. - The decay rate is not constant. Many environmental factors, such as pressure, changes in cosmic radiation level, nearby radioactive materials, high temperatures influence it [3]. In one of their studies, Westinghouse Laboratories have been able to change the decay rates simply by placing inactive iron next to radioactive lead.
4. - Part of the radioactive substances could have been leached out. Experiments show that even distilled water and weak acids can do this.[4]
5. - Rocks could have been altered by sediment displacements.[5]
A few examples of the accuracy of this method:
• - Hawaiian lava flows known to be less than two centuries old have been dated at up to 3 BILLION years old!
• - Laboratories that "date" rocks insist on knowing in advance the "evolutionary age" of the strata from which the samples were taken—this way, they know which dates to accept as "reasonable" and which to ignore.
But don’t take my word for it You can also look at the inaccuracy of The Radioactive Carbon Isotope (C-14)
We don't find real Dinosaur fossil records either.
LMFAO.
Sure.
Just FYI, here's why it's impossible that humans and dinosaurs coexisted:
There are no human fossils or artifacts found with dinosaurs, and there are no dinosaur fossils found with human fossils (except birds, which are descended from dinosaurs; out-of-place human traces such as the Paluxy footprints do not withstand examination). Furthermore, there is an approximately sixty-four-million-year gap in the fossil record when there are neither dinosaur nor human fossils. If humans and dinosaurs coexisted, traces of the two should be found in the same time places. At the very least, there should not be such a dramatic separation between them.
All living and extinct organisms could have existed contemporaneously
Just how long ago an extinct animal could have existed before the date given to its (supposed) oldest fossil, or after the date given to its (supposed) youngest fossil, cannot be stated dogmatically. Clearly, it could have been a short time or a very long time. If animals such as the coelacanth or tuatara (whose youngest fossils are supposedly 65myo and 135myo respectively) can (seemingly) exist for many millions of years without leaving any fossil trace, then the absence of any particular fossil in any particular sediment does not mean that that animal was not alive at the time represented by that sediment.
As a result of hydrodynamic sifting, bones can be carried hundreds of miles away from the place of death. This means that fossil animals are not necessarily found entombed in their native habitat. For example, creatures such as Lystrasaurus (a 2m long reptile) comprise implausibly huge proportions (up to 90%) of all vertebrate fossils in a given sedimentary layer. Therefore, fossil accumulations cannot be relied upon to reflect the true diversity of animal life in any given location at any particular time.
All this means that, for example, even if human fossils are not found in the same sediments as dinosaur fossils, T rex could still have lived contemporaneously with, and in the same locality as humans in pre-history.
Inaccuracy of Dinosaur Fossils.Under what circumstances did whole organisms remain intact long enough to be fossilized? In most cases it seems, these victims were rapidly buried in great loads of sediment, which quickly hardened into rock. Not only did these situations require catastrophic burial but also the sediment involved had to be very fine grained in order for such exquisite preservation of detail to come about. Geologists generally interpret silt beds as the result of fine particles settling gradually out of still water. If that had happened in these instances, the corpses would have decayed long before burial and lithification (turning to rock) could occur."
The replacement process is supposed to involve calcium in skeletal material being replaced, atom by atom, by silica, calcite, pyrite, dolomite, etc., over a long period of time. This goes against the natural law of increasing disorder, entropy. How are all these dead atoms intelligent enough to know what to do and where to go to produce the finished fossil?
Another alleged mode of preservation is permineralization, whereby porous bone structures are supposed to become more dense by the deposition of mineral matter by groundwater. The more porous the bone, the more susceptible it is to destruction. In Speed and Conditions of Fossilization, we learn that "secondary mineralization, remineralization, leaching of bone mineral, and biologically-induced mineralization begin very rapidly after the bone is exposed to the environment. If the bone is not buried or underwater within 1-2 years of defleshing, it will literally become dust in the wind. The bone fragments may persist for several more years, but they are unrecognizable as to species." After a so-called dinosaur dies, I would conservatively estimate the chances of its bones becoming buried or underwater within 1 to 2 years of defleshing at much less than one in a thousand. "Hypersaline environments in which carbonates are precipitating favor bone remineralization and secondary mineralization. Saline environments also are good, but there the processes are slower." Are not dinosaurs supposed to have lived in a relatively non-saline fresh water environment? Inducing mineralization under ideal laboratory conditions is one matter, but completely different than real-world natural processes that tend to dissolve, not precipitate, bone mineral. Once the internal part of a decaying bone fills up with saline water from a sea, I am unaware of any reason why it should be a preferred location for mineral precipitation compared to the rest of the sea bottom.
The fossil record does not show a progression in complexity
Contrary to general opinion, the fossil record does not show a progression in complexity. There is a fallacy in accepting firstly, that creatures commonly understood as being 'simple' such as snails or worms are indeed simple, and secondly, that they are significantly less complex than other creatures generally considered to be more complex. In fact, most organisms, however 'simple', are incredibly complex. Look at it this way: should we anticipate that starting only with simple chemicals ( i.e. with no available DNA or proteins etc.), it would be a simpler matter for us to produce a living snail than it would be to produce a living elephant? Under the microscope, both these creatures have virtually identical intracellular features. And both contain nerves, muscles, and blood. They also both have seeing, feeling, breathing, digesting, excreting and reproducing mechanisms. Therefore, since all living organisms are so complex, we should expect that the production of either a snail or an elephant (starting only with simple chemicals) would, for practical purposes, be equally difficult.
Therefore, if shellfish fossils are found below vertebrate fossils in any sedimentary layering, this is not evidence that 'simple' life forms evolved into more complex forms. Any such sedimentary separation of different creatures is more likely to reflect hydrodynamic sifting.
Conclusion
The fossil record does not support the notion that all living and extinct creatures are related by common ancestry.
That's funny that you mentioned Grand Canyon. The Coconino Sandstone along the Hermit Trail in Grand Canyon shows plenty of evidence for a massive flood. Anway here is your Answer [link broken by copy/paste]
That's nice.
Here's a list of why the Grand Canyon couldn't have been formed by a flood:
1. We know what to expect of a sudden massive flood, namely: - a wide, relatively shallow bed, not a deep, sinuous river channel.
- anastamosing channels (i.e., a braided river system), not a single, well-developed channel.
- coarse-grained sediments, including boulders and gravel, on the floor of the canyon.
- streamlined relict islands.
The Scablands in Washington state were produced by such a flood and show such features (Allen et al. 1986; Baker 1978; Bretz 1969; Waitt 1985). Such features are also seen on Mars at Kasei Vallis and Ares Vallis (Baker 1978; NASA Quest n.d.). They do not appear in the Grand Canyon. Compare relief maps of the two areas to see for yourself.
2. The same flood that was supposed to carve the Grand Canyon was also supposed to lay down the miles of sediment (and a few lava flows) from which the canyon is carved. A single flood cannot do both. Creationists claim that the year of the Flood included several geological events, but that still stretches credulity.
3. The Grand Canyon contains some major meanders. Upstream of the Grand Canyon, the San Juan River (around Gooseneck State Park, southeast Utah) has some of the most extreme meandering imaginable. The canyon is 1,000 feet high, with the river flowing five miles while progressing one mile as the crow flies (American Southwest n.d .). There is no way a single massive flood could carve this.
4. Recent flood sediments would be unconsolidated. If the Grand Canyon were carved in unconsolidated sediments, the sides of the canyon would show obvious slumping.
5. The inner canyon is carved into the strongly metamorphosed sediments of the Vishnu Group, which are separated by an angular unconformity from the overlying sedimentary rocks, and also in the Zoroaster Granite, which intrudes the Vishnu Group. These rocks, by all accounts, would have been quite hard before the Flood began.
6. Along the Grand Canyon are tributaries, which are as deep as the Grand Canyon itself. These tributaries are roughly perpendicular to the main canyon. A sudden massive flood would not produce such a pattern.
7. Sediment from the Colorado River has been shifted northward over the years by movement along the San Andreas and related faults (Winker and Kidwell 1986). Such movement of the delta sediment would not occur if the canyon were carved as a single event.
8. The lakes that Austin proposed as the source for the carving floodwaters are not large compared with the Grand Canyon itself. The flood would have to remove more material than the floodwaters themselves.
9. If a brief interlude of rushing water produced the Grand Canyon, there should be many more such canyons. Why are there not other grand canyons surrounding all the margins of all continents?
10. There is a perfectly satisfactory gradual explanation for the formation of the Grand Canyon that avoids all these problems. Sediments deposited about two billion years ago were metamorphosed and intruded by granite to become today's basement layers. Other sediments were deposited in the late Proterozoic and were subsequently folded, faulted, and eroded. More sediments were deposited in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, with a period of erosion in between. The Colorado Plateau started rising gradually about seventy million years ago. As it rose, existing rivers deepened, carving through the previous sediments (Harris and Kiver 1985, 273-282).
Here are some additional evidence
Katoomba Australia
The sandstone, of which the Sisters are made, points to huge watery deposition. The valleys and gorges, shaped when the Sisters were carved, are evidence of immense watery erosion. The Biblical global Flood explains this deposition and erosion. Let's look a bit closer.
It's not difficult to appreciate that the sandstone covers an immense area. From the lookout, we can see that the same rocks form steep cliffs all around the gorge. Before the magnificent valley was eroded, the sandstone strata covered a large area.
Magnetic Field Reversals
Magnetic fields are involved in the magma flow. The Secular community claims that about every 700,000 years the magnetic field reverses. But new evidence documented in Earth and Planetary Science Letters212/292-298 indicate that there is evidence for a very rapid reversal of the magnetic fields taking place in 15 days, the time needed for a pool of molten lava to cool.213 Michael Aarate a scholar has stated that lightning can cause local magnetic field reversals.214/170-181 Thus, we do not have a global planetary reversal of magnetic fields, but rather local reversal of magnetic fields which did not take long periods of time to come about.
Evidence of Rapid Deposition in the
Internal Characteristics of Strata Sequences
The widespread physical similarity in the Cedar215 of strata in each sequence indicates that virtually identical conditions were prevalent laterally over broad areas. Sandstones and conglomerates, which form the basal and best preserved parts of many sequences indicate that widespread flood conditions once prevailed. Sequences are often thousands of feet in thickness with the coarsest material at the base progressively decreasing in coarseness toward the top.
Mountains Uplifted after Most Sedimentation
Many mountain ranges can be shown to have been uplifted after nearly all of the stratigraphic record was deposited.
"Underfed" Streams and Rivers
Global Evidence that most natural drainage systems drained off larger amounts of water at one time in the past.
Massive, Rapid Erosion
Evidenced of Massive Rapid Erosion at many locations worldwide, including the Grand Canyon.
Other evidences are Existence of great "plunge pools": created as torrents of flood water and mud plunged off the continents. Existence of submarine canyons. Waterlines: found on the coasts of every continent. Evidence from studies of smaller scale catastrophes: studies of modern floods, volcanic eruptions. Flood legends found throughout the world. The Genesis Record itself.
Rapid Fossilization
as Evidenced by Preservation of Delicate Parts
Thousands and millions of fish fossils which retain all the body parts indicating very rapid burial. Under normal conditions, fish do not fossilize. Dead fish are torn apart by scavengers and disintegrated by bacteria. There are the existence of fossils with soft tissue like jellyfish and sponges. There are the preservation of animal tracts, fish odors, amino acids, proteins, epidermal bark in plants, cell details, chlorophyll, etc.
Whale Fossils
There are huge ancient whale fossils that can be found completely and quickly buried in sediment.185 Near Lompo, CA there was found in diatomaceous earth an 80 foot Valine Whale upright on its tale. In order to sweep a creature like that up on its tale, in order to sedimentarally incase it would require global catastrophic proportions.
Random order of fossils
The sediments do not exhibit strong evidence of a record of Evolution with simple animals at the bottom, progressing type by type up to more and more complex animals. The order is often random or completely upside down or out of order for Evolution. But this would be expected in a global flood catastrophe.186, 187/67
Massive Sedimentation
There is global existence of massive amounts of sediment. Most of the Earth's crust is covered with layer upon layer of sediment and evidence of strong sorting action produced by moving. Frequently the sediment bears strong evidence of having been laid under flood conditions.44/231
Dolostone Beds
There is global existence of massive amounts of dolostone. These beds are sometimes thousands of feet thick. Dolostone is not forming today.
Chert Beds
There is global existence of large amounts of chert. These beds are up to 50 feet thick (or more). No chert is forming today. Chert is a compact rock consisting of microcrystalline quartz.92/231
Conglomerate
The global existence of massive amounts of conglomerate rock indicating deposition under flood conditions over extremely wide areas with very strong currents. Conglomerate consists of cemented gravel, sand and boulders.
Fluid dynamics carried on by M.E. Clark and H.D. Voss have actually taken various silts of mud, sand: red and white, and other materials, mixed them together in large vats and then let them settle.188 To their amazement they settled down in like products. Their were striation layers of red sand, of white sand, of organic material and other material. Each was attracted to its own.
Massive Volcanism
There is evidence of world wide volcanic activity. There exists thousands of cubic miles of volcanic and granite rock types, as would be expected during a global catastrophic geologic upheaval.
Evidence of Significant Past
Global Changes in Temperature
This would be an expected result of a world-wide catastrophe involving massive volcanic releases into the atmosphere, worldwide flooding and, later, great evaporation from wet continents.
Correlation of Death
Dates by Radiocarbon
When the carbon-14 dating method is "correctly" calibrated, and 25-thousand radiocarbon dates are graphed, the result shows evidence of a great peak of deaths about 4-thousand years ago.
The Bible says that the mountains rose and the valleys sank. The water ran to the place God founded for it and He set a boundary that they would not return again to cover the earth. As we will examine later, there was much more going on here than just rain. The earth's landscape was catastrophically changing. Even today we observe this in many ways. We see the mountains rising today. Even Mt Everest is still moving. This mountain moves northeast an average of 6 centimeters a year and increases in height 7.5 to 10 centimeters per year. If this happens during relative calm, what could have happened when the whole earth was violently moving? It is also interesting to note that the top 3,000 feet of Mt Everest is covered with clam fossils and other ocean living fossils. This would clearly indicate that either clams migrated upwards 26,000+ feet above sea level, or Mt Everest was once at or below sea level.
The top of the Grand Canyon is considerably higher than the beginning of the canyon where the Colorado River enters into it. This would mean that the river would have to flow uphill for thousands or even millions of years before it could cut a groove below the mouth of the canyon so the water could begin to flow downward. This 'mystery' can't be explained by anything except the fact that the water had to be higher than the canyon when it was formed. It would either have had to be higher than the canyon for millions of years, or it would have to be flowing over a land that is not yet hardened into rock. Additional evidence here if you like to See
[In reply to me stating that there is extensive recorded history predating the accepted date of Christian creation] Really? I'll like to see some of that evidence.
Alright then.
So, typical fundy doctrine suggest that the world is 6000 years old.
So, according to you, creation was at approx. 4,000 BC.
Events predating 4,000 BC [all had accompanying links to resources, find them in the Word doc]:
• c. 30000 BC - 26000 BC - Lion-Human, from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany created. It is now in Ulmer Museum, Ulm, Germany.
• c. 23000 BC - Woman from Ostrava Petrkovice, Czech Republic, was made. It is now in Archeological Institute, Brno.
• c. 16500 BC - Paintings in Cosquer cave, Cap Margiou, France were made.
• c. 16000 BC - Spotted Horses and human hands, Pech-Merle cave, Dordogne, France were painted. Discovered in December 1994.
• c. 16000 BC - 10000 BC - Mammoth-bone village in Mezhirich, Ukraine inhabited.
• c. 15000 BC - 13000 BC - Hall of Bulls, Lascaux caves, was painted. Discovered in 1940. Closed to the public in 1963.
• c. 14000 BC - Pregnant woman and deer (?), from Laugerie-Basse, France was made. It is now at Musee des Antiquites Nationales, St.-Germain-en-Laye.
• c. 12000 BC - Bison, on the ceiling of a cave at Altamira, Spain, was painted. Discovered in 1879. Accepted as authentic in 1902.
• 11500 BC - 10000 BC - Wooden buildings in South America (Chile), first pottery vessels (Japan), dogs domesticated, bow and arrow appeared.
• c. 10000 BC - People started to live in Jericho.
• c. 9000 BC - Neolithic culture began in Ancient Near East.
• c. 9000 BC: Near East: First stone structures are built at Jericho.
• c. 9000 BC – Mediterranean - Settling on Mediterranean isles started.
• c. 9000 BC - Early Neolithic period in Ancient Near East (Jericho, Chatal Huyuk).
• c. 8700 BC – 8400 BC – Britain - Star Carr site in Yorkshire, Britain inhabited by Maglemosian peoples.
• c. 8500 BC – Great Britain - Mesolithic hunters camp at Cramond, Prehistoric Scotland.
• c. 8350 BC – Middle East - Neolithic settlement at Jericho.
• c. 8300 BC – Great Britain - Nomadic hunters arrive in England.
• c. 8000 BC – Norway - Øvre Eiker of Norway inhabited.
• c. 8000 BC – Africa - Earliest recorded African stone engravings, in the Apollo 1 cave.
• 8000 BC - 7000 BC; Jericho had about 2000 inhabitants living in mud-brick houses protected by a stone wall 5 feet thick and 12 to 17 feet high. The site covered 6 acres.
• c. 8000 BC – Settlements at Nevali Cori in present-day Turkey are established.
• c. 8000 BC – Settlements at Sagalassos in present-day southwest Turkey are established.
• c. 8000 BC – Settlements at Akure in present-day southwest Nigeria are established.
• c. 8000 BC – Settlements at Øvre Eiker and Nedre Eiker in present-day Buskerud, Norway are established.
• c. 8000 BC – Settlements at Ærø, Denmark are established.
• c. 8000 BC – Settlements at Deepcar near present-day Sheffield, England are established.
• c. 8000 BC – North American Arctic is inhabited by hunter-gatherers of the Paleo-Arctic Tradition.
• c. 8000 BC – Pre-Anasazi Paleo-Indians move into the Southwest United States.
• c. 8000 BC – Plano cultures inhabit the Great Plains area of North America (from 9th millennium)
• c. 7000 BC – Beginning of the Peiligang culture in China.
• c. 7000 BC – Agriculture and settlement at Mehrgarh in South Asia.
• c. 7000 BC - 600 BC - Elam.
• c. 7000 BC - 6000 BC; Figure, from Ain Ghazal, Jordan was made. It is now in National Museum , Amman, Jordan.
• c. 7000 BC – Mesolithic site Lepenski Vir emerges in today's Serbia.
• c. 7000 BC - Earliest pottery in Ancient Near East.
• c. 7000 BC - Elam became farming region.
• c. 6500 BC - 5500 BC; Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Inhabitants traded obsidian.
• c. 6500 BC - Naalebinding, a form of knitting, used in Judean Desert (modern day Israel).
• c. 6000 BC – Wall painting/map from Çatalhöyük, an early-civilized city that prospered by
trading obsidian, Anatolia -- modern Turkey.
• c. 6000 BC – Neolithic Age in Korea.
• c. 6000 BC - Cycladic people started to use a coarse, poor-quality local clay to make a variety of objects.
• c. 6000 BC – First traces of habitation of the Svarthola cave in Norway.
• c. 6000 BC – split of Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Anatolian and Proto-Indo-Iranian in India as a result of Proto-Vedic continuity. [1]
• c. 5900 BC – prehistoric Vinca culture emerges in today's Belgrade.
• c. 5700 BC – Samarran Culture at Mesopotamia (present day Iraq) begins (ca 5700 BC – 4900 BC C-14, 6640 BC - 5816 BC calBC).
• c. 5600 BC – The Red Paint People become established in the region from present-day Labrador to New York state.
• c. 5500 BC - agriculture started in Ancient Egypt.
• c. 5500 BC – pottery at Mehrgarh in South Asia.
• c. 5400 BC – Irrigation in Mesopotamia.
• c. 5200 BC – Beginning of human inhabitation and settlements in Malta.
• c. 5100 BC – Temples founded in South Mesopotamia.
• c. 5000 BC - Farming reached Europe.
Inventions between 6,000 and 5,000 BC:
• Agriculture appears in the valley of the Nile.
• Rice cultivated in Asia.
• Plough invented.
• Bricks are created for the first time in Persia.
• Wine is created for the first time in Persia.
• Artifacts of stone were supplemented by those of metal, and the crafts of basketry, pottery, weaving ( Africa).
• Dead were buried in a fetal position, surrounded by the burial offerings and artifacts, facing west ( Africa).
• Decorated, black-topped clay pots and vases; bone and ivory combs, figurines, and tableware, are found in great numbers ( Africa).
• Jewelry of all types and materials (Africa).
• Objects began to be made not only with a function, but also with an aesthetic value. (Africa )
• Organized, permanent settlements focused around agriculture. (Africa)
[In reply to my statement that beer was invented before the accepted date of Christian creation] Really and what hard evidence do you have to prove that because if you are talking about the two slate tablets that are displayed in the British Museum in London, discovered by the scientist Mr. E. Huber which was scientifically estimated to be about 9000 years old, then your evidence is inconclusive.
No, I'm talking about the jars from Jiahu, China [which date to 7000 BC, so same time period as the tablets you mentioned], and they're currently at the University of Pennsylvania's Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia.
The jars have been substantially proven to have contained alcoholic beverages, and the brewing process has been linked to religious ceremonies at the time.
Hmmm. I wonder how much money a jar of that magnitude and that type of history generate?
Just a thought
You do not have any real evidence [for evolution] so I'll do you a favor, I'll give you the opportunity to present some of your evidence so that I can pick through it.
Sure.
Here's a start: Endogenous Retroviruses.
Nope . They contain nonsense mutations or major deletions, and cannot produce infectious virus particles. This is because they are supposed to be just ancient fossils.
Can be created in 12 months.
Modern genetics.
But hell, don't hold your breath waiting for me to prove it to you.
I won't unless you'd like to kick it up a notch.
Point out ANY hole in evolution, don't feel restricted by what evidence I dredge up for you.
You won't find much of anything.
Oh don't worry I will get to that one soon enough.
So what's so incompetent about having eyes? And the rest of your so called inaccurate features because I don't see a problem here. How do you think we should've been designed?
Incompetent design features of the human body:
•
Eyes- Vertebrate eyes are constructed backwards and inside out.
The nerve cells that connect the light-sensitive cells of the retina to the brain are located in front of these cells, partially blocking the incoming light.
This nerve cell (choriod) contains blood vessels that supply the retina cells with necessary oxygen and remove waste products of respiration. Thank God it is in the front of these light-sensitive cells because they also prevent disruptive refection's within the eyes. So I don't see a problem here. Beside I have 10/20 vision what do I have to complain about. Let me guess, you wear glasses don't you?
But while we are here let's clear some other things up in regards to the eye. The step-by-step gradual change idea is a false model for a number of reasons. For example, the embryological development of an eye does not follow a series of sequential changes from a flat sheet of photo-receptive cells to a hollow ball; and the mammalian lens is not simply a blob of proteins but is formed out of very specific modifications to whole cells. Furthermore, we have no evidence to show that each and every tiny supposed changes to a flat sheet of cells that would be needed to produce an eye, could indeed be powered by tiny changes in the genes that determine embryological development
•
Pelvis- The human pelvis slopes forwards, which is nice if you want to walk on all fours.
Otherwise it just causes problems.
•
Back- Related to the pelvis issue, in order to stand upright, humans have a nasty kink in their lower back.
This leads to all sorts of back problems.
The Human pelvis doesn't slop forward. Here is a diagram of a the Pelvic Region for a human and a four legged animal.
Canine
HUMAN
That kink you are referring to is essential to you. You can call it nasty or whatever but that's just your opinion. You should appreciate the Sacral Curve it controls provides a stable centre of gravity when you move, otherwise standing for extended periods of time would be virtually impossible.
•
Throat- In order to swallow food, it has to first pass over the windpipe, hence why humans can choke to death.
Well it's not a big problem and choking can often be avoided by taking only small bites of food and thoroughly chewing it. Laughing and talking while chewing and swallowing and excessive intake of alcohol before and during meals also increase the risk of choking.
•
The existence of the appendix, which serves no purpose whatsoever to an adult human, and creates a significant threat to the lives of several adults because of appendicitis.
Well perhaps they don't really server a purpose however people who get appendicitis probably are not eating to healthy to start. Try more fiber.
I kept Tsen's original Notes below to keep statements in sync, since I had to create a new version.
I also kept Tsen's original rebuttals without sherding his work for better understanding considering this post is extremely long.
Additional Post’s in progress to simplify topics associated by links
Tsen's additional notes/remarks are listed below.
<NOTES:
-[Brackets] surround additions I've made when I transferred from Word to a post.
Most clarify context, or include notes.
-Some sentences might be slightly fractured.
Apologies for that.
-Some quotes from Ne-Yo might appear out of context because I removed my original points, which he replied to, in interest of saving space.
Some of them I edited with [bracketed insertions] to clarify what I was talking about, but I don't know if the changes were saved in the Word document or not. [They didn't transfer over, but I tried to manually scan through and fix things who's context might be unclear.
Forget it I was going to fix the format but nah I'm not going to worry about it. It's all pretty clear
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