Bobberski:
Well, there are two types of meditation- Absorptive (Concentration) and Insight Meditation.
Most of what was described so far is the first, where you relax, and pick an object of meditation such as an idea, a visualization, or even a physical routine such as martial arts-- al of which take up all your concentration and therefore calm the mind of other thoughts. (Ever been so absorbed by a TV show, text message, or a book that you didn't even hear someone call your name? Kinda like that. )
Insight meditation takes it one step further. You focus on something (breath is a good one) as an anchor, and once you've reached a sufficient point of concentration and your mind is quiet, you try to explore your mind (your faults, your perceptions, preconceptions, etc). With this point of clarity-- having all erattic thoughts and distractions calmed via a concentration/anchor-- you see yourself clearly, and understand the world around you better.
Edit: Oh, and as for the breathing problem, you should try passively watching it! It takes a while, but a part of meditation is realizing that things are constantly progressing-- your breath goes on without your input, and eventually you will realize that even your mind will ramble on without your direct input! (Crazy huh?)
Simply try to watch the breath, feel it enter your nostril, and feel it exit the same way. Do the same with your mind-- you will have random thoughts, don't try to shut them out completely, just notice them, and let them go after you've given a quick assesment, and then return to your concentration until another thought arises strongly enough to grasp your attention-- then observe that thought, momentarily, with the unbiased clarity of a quiet mind, and rince repeat. =]
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