Actually, there are virtually no ICBM defenses anywhere in the world. The US is the only nation to have successfully developed and tested anti-ICBM (AICBM) equipment, and that was only at the end of last year. The device is still in development, too, and isn't deployed at the moment.
ICBMs are very susceptible to damage, and a few entirely unaimed rifle bullets could easily damage it to a non-working point. However, they travel at speeds of 25,000 mph+, so their vulnerability is irrelevant. We've only just developed missiles capable of targeting an object traveling that fast, and the only reason they can even hit the ICBM is because it plots a collision course from head-on rather than chasing it down.
But ICBMs aren't the problem--no nation will ever launch one in the foreseeable future. Iran certainly would like to launch one at Israel, but they still lack some the technology. They also fear retribution from other nations--despite their government's notably extremist stand, they still have enough logic in their heads to see that an attack on Israel would be suicide, and dead people don't reap the benefits of high status in government.
North Korea's even less likely. With China looking over its shoulder, it doesn't dare do anything--the nuclear test earlier was more a plea for attention than a threat. They know full well what would happen if they pushed China any further.
The real threat comes from hand-delivered nuclear devices. Likely in a vehicle, since terrorists are technologically lacking and wouldn't be able to obtain a small nuclear device (which, by the way, about the smallest a nuclear device ever gets is small enough to fit in a large shop-vac).
Preventing such an attack is in no way prevented by ID'ing citizens. In fact, there is relatively little we could do to stop such an attack, and bothering to try to stop one at all is rather ludicrous, since the chances of it ever happening are incredibly small and the required effort to fend them off would be much better spent elsewhere.
Terrorists could not obtain a large nuclear device. Due to the complex technology involved, they would be unable to obtain an H-Bomb of any sort, only a non-proton bomb. Terrorists could probably obtain a device no larger than 20 kilotons under that constraint, which is only slightly larger than the bombs used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Further, because they would be limited in their delivery methods, they would have to deliver it on ground, which severely reduces the potency of the weapon. In the cases of both bombs dropped on Japan, the detonation was actually extremely high above the earth to obtain a larger blast radius. But on earth, the ground absorbs much of the blast.
Meanwhile, a biological attack could easily cause far more casualties than a nuke could under those conditions, and would require far less set up and could be smuggled almost anywhere, INCLUDING airliners.
It's really a Red Queen situation--you can build better security, but there will always be a simple way around it, so it will wind up being an ever-escalating contest, resulting in only incredibly bloated budgets and ineffective but costly and laborer-intensive measures.
I see it as money and work best spent elsewhere.
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