First law of Thermodynamics. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
When you rub a ballon across a piece of cloth, you are pushing atoms around, and changing the charge of that area on the balloon, since balloons are made of rubber and aren't conductive, that positive charge will stay in one place on the balloon rather than flow through it, thus creating a static charge.
You're just moving the electric charge from one palce of another.
And no, energy does not have an electric charge. Energy is simply energy. It is the simplest unit of everything, and it's probably almost infinitely small. It cannot be made, it cannot be destroyed, it is a constant, and all it can do is change form.
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