 Originally Posted by prostitution
do parrots learn language differently from humans
highlight some cool differences
It really depends how the parrot is being taught. Those who use operant conditioning are teaching the parrot like one would teach a dog to bark on command. You repeat at the parrot, reinforce it when it makes a sound, and increase the frequency of the reward in immediate conjunction with noise production similar to the word you wish the bird to repeat. BORING long term, but NECESSARY, just like in a baby's babble, to encourage that first step towards speech. Parrots have language capacities even in the wild, and multiple species (amazons and even lil' parrotlets) have been scientifically documented (that means peer-reviewed in Abraspeak) to giving their children distinguishable names while rearing. The reward can even be merely repeating the word; parrots get all hot from dat contact call.
My parrot knows over 75 words now (even more that I cannot recognize, and likely understands many more that she has not taught herself to say), and can speak in small sentences. She uses them in context, at times in novel ways. For instance: I have 8 fishtanks, and one has shrimp (which my friends circle calls "shramp" for the lels) and is next to the ethernet cable. I was having connection troubles with the wireless the other week, and told my video chat partner I would have to connect elsewhere. While moving to the room with ethernet, my bird said "You like water? You like shramp!" She often says "Alex take-a bath" and "water!" along with water noises when I do water changes (as I look like I'm splashing around when I give her a bath). She understands that treats are food, and asks for specific needs (want treat! Play peekaboo! Wanna take-a bath! Play a-game (her first game, stuffed-animal tag)). I can give many more examples of her cognitive speech capacity. Instead of "yes" and "no" she knows question answer response, where she will ask "Want treat?" when she wants a treat, and says "You like treat" to describe me eating. She understands schadenfreude humor, among other forms (puns on common noises, words, turns of phrases). She flies to people on command. In the car, she will even say "make poop" when she needs to go (she is more comfortable using non-verbal cues to let us know when in the home), and she is very well-socialized.
I can ask her "good morning?" and if she does not respond "goooooood morning," I'll ask her again later, or wait for her to ask "good morning?" herself, to which I respond "goooood morning!" with a bunch of little "goo morning," "mornin'" while I uncover her roost cage and bring her to her day cage.
How did I do it? After she showed initial signs of speaking through operant methods, I started full-on immersion, as if she were a toddler, just speaking simple sentences when I did things around the house, when playing with her, when changing her food and water, when completing the change, etc. She is not only a learner, but a teacher. I should show you a goddamned video of how we play games, but I'd have to get her used to playing naturally with whatever prop the webcam/laptopcam is on nearby.
Also, hint: scaffolding.
I am also the parrot whisperer at my local pet store, and have handled larger birds such as blue-fronted amazons and cockatoos. The staff were very impressed that I knew how to untrain their goffin's within a matter of minutes (over two separate days) to refrain from perching on shoulders (shoulder-perching is a dangerous habit for any parrot, especially larger ones, even sweeties, as they can bite chunks of ear off to "warn" their human friend when startled). Well, at least, my shoulder.
As far as the mechanics of speech aqcuisition... We have a larynx, they have... A completely different anatomy. It is hard for birds to say 'm,' 'l,' 'n,' noises, and very easy for them to say vowels and "w," "ch," "t," and "k." They do not learn like human babies, as in, they do not try to mimic our tongues and our lips and our jaws to learn, but rather trial-and-error, facilitated by extremely large striatial regions of the brain (with a small cortex... Different hardware used in completely different ways!).
 Originally Posted by dutchraptor
Are there any parrots with similar puzzle solving ability to a crow.
I've only met a parrot once, very intelligent and playful.
Non-urban parrots (see Netflix: The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill for a cool 20-year-spanning-1-hour-ish documentary about urban parrots of San Diego) are often more neophobic than their urban cousins. I have seen parrots use their feet and beak to pull up a string to get a treat they couldn't otherwise reach at the end, and there are hundreds of forage and puzzle toys available for birds. Of course, any parrot nowadays will be handfed and from a breeder, so you will have to teach the bird how to explore these alien objects. Hint: scaffolding.
I'm currently reading The Alex Studies, which goes over Irene Pepperberg's work and experimental design of her studies involving African Grey parrots. I have not reached the chapter on speech formation as of yet. You both should google "African Grey Alex" or "African Grey Pepperberg" or some such. You will find youtube videos abound (though this book speaks volumes more!).
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