Stimulants. Dextroamphetamine and pemoline, which enhance catecholamine and dopaminergic activity, increase sleep latency, decrease total sleep time, and greatly reduce REM sleep. The REM sleep reduction effect is due to increased wakefulness, in contrast to drugs which primarily alter noradrenergic or serotonergic activity, in which REM sleep reduction occurs regardless of changes in total sleep or wakefulness. Wakefulness can also be increased by the beta-carbolines, which bind to the benzodiazepine recognition site but which have opposite effects, and hence are considered "inverse agonists."
Wakefulness as in; the person is still asleep but have the brainwaves as of they are awake.
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