Mood-Altering Substances and Dreams
Though spicy foods and heavy meals late at night have been proven to have no effect on our dreams, there are certain substances that impact our REM sleep, for better or worse. For example, Anthony Sifton reports in The Dream Reader (1995) that "marijuana and cocaine both decrease dream recall." Barbiturate use, he reports, leads to "more conceptual and thoughtlike" dreams. Alcohol, tobacco, and stimulants such as amphetamines ''generally reduce REM time. So do barbiturates,benzodiazepines [such as Valium and Xanax], and most of the sedative-hypnotic sleeping pills, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, etc.
"Interestingly, caffeine does NOT affect REM sleep unless you are attempting to withdraw from it, in which case you will begin to dream more. "That is the effect of withdrawal from any stimulant," Sifton writes, noting that it is unclear whether stress is a factor in increasing the number of dreams.
As for prescription medications, their effects, too, can vary. ''Some mood stabilizing drugs, such as lithium, reduce REM sleep, as do some antidepressants," writes Sifton. "Antipsychotic drugs have mixed effects on sleep. Stelazine, Haldol, and Tegretol are said to reduce dream recall, but effects vary with dosage, and during drug withdrawal REM time decreases."
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